Organization Development for Sustaining Competitive Advantage

Question: Examine about theOrganization Development for Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Answer: Exercises gained from the investigation of the Coca-Cola Company is various. The best exercise is the capacity of business to face the challenge. The business condition is loaded with dangers and achievement relies upon the techniques that the administration uses to keep away from misfortunes. Organizations must face challenges to be effective, and they may incorporate an endeavor into new markets and nations simply like Coca-Cola Company. Difficulties to business are inescapable, however organizations must figure solutions for stay away from misfortune making. The choice or step taken after an issue characterizes the achievement or disappointment of the firm. Dynamic in organizations must be done through the contribution of the considerable number of investors to empower reception of the best choices. All the investors in an organization are similarly significant and contribute the accomplishment of a firm. In this way, the administration must place into thought the government assis tance of all laborers for the achievement of the organizations (Baron, and Spulber, 2017). Presentation Partners associated with business with the point of making benefits. The advantages are acknowledged through high deals which builds the overall revenue of the firm. Along these lines, through this, the business is guaranteed the proceeded with presence in the market in spite of the extreme rivalry. Administrators are the individuals who direct the execution of exchange obligations in the interest of proprietors. They should counsel them when settling on business choices to get guidance and guarantee they settle on a choice which adjusts to their objectives and destinations (Cavusgil, et al., 2014). It is illicit for chiefs to settle on choices without interview, they ought to likewise act in the most extreme great confidence of the proprietors. Business people's universally have expanded, and these have prompted expanding rivalry among organizations. In any case, rivalry is unavoidable for organizations. In this manner, the executives must search for procedures to guarantee they sta y serious in the market. Having a serious edge over rivals in the market isn't simple yet ensures the endurance of the business in the market subsequently fundamental (Barney, 2014). Methodologies that can be utilized by firms to be serious remember contribution for outside direct venture. These are the capacity of an organization to sell merchandise and enterprises in remote nations in the point of drawing in progressively potential purchasers to its items. The firm can likewise utilize the blue Ocean' technique which is the capacity to discover blue sea regions which have no opposition. Their territories have no different providers of merchandise and ventures, and along these lines firm has sole presence available. Through these, it draws in the entire populace to devour or purchase its items and administrations. Expansion of organizations items can likewise be a method of drawing in more clients. Through this demonstration, the organization can make items that address the issues of the clients. These methodologies are planned for expanding the net revenue of the organizations thus making them serious in the market (Cheptegei, and Yabs, 2016, pp.71-85). Association advancement is utilized by a firm to guarantee that it is effective in the market. The organization conveys group advancement to check the issues it faces and attempt to search for approaches to direct business and increment its deals. Development and advancement of business need thought of numerous elements in the market. Supervisors direct association advancement of firms to guarantee accomplishment of its objectives and targets. Issues emerging in business must be handled right on time to maintain a strategic distance from wastage of assets which can prompt disappointment of the firm. Association improvement targets improving the exhibition of the undertaking by utilization of exercises and proactive procedures by the directors. Along these lines, this report will concentrate on Coca-Cola Company and look at how it has conveyed association improvement and its benefits to the firm (Falkheimer, 2014, pp.124-133). Technique Association advancement of a business includes different advances that must be seen to guarantee it satisfies its objectives to the organization. These measures remember inclusion of the considerable number of individuals for the association during the dynamic procedure. The directors must counsel all the investors before settling on choices to guarantee all acknowledge them. Additionally wiping out various leveled dynamic can give directors more data which might be helpful in the dynamic procedure. The association is made of various gatherings which are alluded to divisions and in this manner chiefs must focus on groups to have the option to know the progressions the office need to perform better. Trust is essential to all the investors in the business. These will make all gatherings perform well henceforth the accomplishment of the association (Mabogunje, 2015). The divisions in the association have an obligation of working in joint effort and not in rivalry. These will guarantee that all the staff progresses in the direction of the general goal of the firm. In this manner, supervisors must assistance decrease these superfluous rivalry offices. Workers are the individuals who are associated with the execution of the exercises in the organization. The board must put resources into them to guarantee better selection of association improvement prompting its prosperity. Putting resources into laborers includes coaching, preparing through instruction openings, better compensation and arrangement of the essential apparatuses they need. The firm should likewise remember the representative's roundabout interest for the association improvement to make it effective. At last, the firm should have control measures and key mediations to adjust to the progressions that are required to the group for better execution. Coca-Cola Company has done research and utilized practically all the above strides to guarantee hierarchical improvement in the firm in this way expanding its business volume. The organization has made changes in the work, speculation procedures, and changes underway among numerous different regions (Burke, and Noumair, 2015). Discoveries Coca-Cola is a global partnership having branches in a wide range of nations. It is the biggest refreshment organization offering more than 500 brands in excess of 200 nations all inclusive. The organization most noteworthy contender is PepsiCo which offer same items which are bundled and marked in an unexpected way. Because of the high rivalry, the organization has conveyed a few changes to empower it to remain the market chief in the market. The organization has occupied with progressively outside ventures, separation of its items, a wide determination of workers, and so forth remote direct speculation of Coca-Cola Company has prompted expanding in the market of the association's items, these have likewise empowered the firm get blue seas' accordingly expanding its overall revenue (Kim, and Mauborgne, 2014). These progressions by the organization have been embraced by escalated research to guarantee that the firm doesn't bring about misfortunes when it takes part in the new changes. The elements which have prompted the accomplishment of these progressions are the readiness of the considerable number of investors to start the changes. The administration of the organization has prevailing with regards to joining all the representatives and division towards a shared objective creation achievement inescapable. Determination of representatives from the worldwide pool has empowered the firm to have the option to get the most talented for better execution of its obligations. Coca-Cola additionally cooks for all the necessities of its clients by making items that fulfill their requirements totally. The organization has been engaged with developments which help to pull in more clients to buy its items. A portion of the organization's items are Dasani water, Coca-Cola drink, Fanta, Sprite, Smart Water, coke-zero. Among the items, the organization has begun creating items which have less sugar to provide food for the wellbeing states of individuals who don't utilize sweet purchaser merchandise (Kim, and Mauborgne, 2017). End The organization accomplishment in the progressions it has made to improve its exhibition universally has been because of the administration styles of the administrators. It has made all the progressions through research thus lessening botches which could have diminished the association's benefits. Difficulties of the business incorporate rivalry. The drink business has numerous contenders consequently making Coca-Cola Company face noteworthy rivalry. Government strategies in the outside countries represent an incredible test to the firm. Ominous arrangements, for example, high tax assessment; shares lead to disappointment of the outer part of the endeavor. Serious research has empowered early ID of difficulties in beginning periods thus making the administration search for approaches to moderate them. Proposals Business achievement is characterized by the systems that the administration and other investor use to have a serious edge over their rivals in the market. Partners must utilize inventive and creative administrators who can push the organizations to higher statures. In any case, if a firm commits errors prompting misfortune, it should discover approaches to recoup. Coca-Cola organization is a market chief, yet the opposition is high therefore administrators must do research and utilize the most recent innovation to guarantee they stay appealing to a huge client base. The organization has had critical extension throughout the years, and the administration must be cautious and guarantee the branches make benefits and not misfortunes (Baldwin, and Scott, 2013). References Baldwin, W. furthermore, Scott, J., 2013.Market structure and mechanical change(Vol. 18). Taylor Francis. Barney, J.B., 2014.Gaining and supporting upper hand. Pearson Higher Ed. Aristocrat, J. what's more, Spulber, D.F., 2017. The Effect of Technological Change on Firm Survival and Growth-Evidence from Technology Standards. Burke, W.W. furthermore, Noumair, D.A., 2015.Organization turn of events: A procedure of learning and evolving. FT Press. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. furthermore, Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Cheptegei, D.K. furthermore, Yabs, J., 2016. Remote MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES USED BY MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN KENYA: A CASE OF COCA COLA KENYA LTD.European Journal of

The Relationship Between Anxiety and Illness

The Relationship Between Anxiety and Illness Social Anxiety Disorder Related Conditions Print The Relationship Between Anxiety and Illness By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 14, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 22, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Thomas Barwick/Getty Images Anxiety and illness often go hand-in-hand. Physical health concerns are worrying on their own, but even more so when you also have mental health problems. Anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder (SAD) tend to be associated with illnesses such as heart disease, gastrointestinal issues, and respiratory illness. Although the relationship between anxiety and illness has been established, it is a bit of a chicken-and-egg scenario as far as the causal relationship between the two. Does anxiety trigger biological processes that lead to physical health problems? Does poor physical health (e.g., migraines or arthritis) lead to anxiety? Or does something else, such as genetic or environmental factors, cause both anxiety and physical health issues? What research has clearly shown is that those who have physical health problems complicated by anxiety tend to have worse symptoms, respond less well to treatment, and are more likely to have fatal illnesses. What the Research Shows Studies of the relationship between anxiety and physical health have generally grouped anxiety disorders together as a whole. Therefore, we dont know, for example, whether someone with social anxiety disorder (SAD) is more likely to suffer from a different type of physical health complaint than someone with panic disorder.Research has shown, however, that those with SAD are more likely to have problems with health in general. A study of 202 Iranian students examined the impact of social phobia on physical health and found that students with social phobia scored lower on measures of general health and vitality.As might be expected, those with chronic respiratory disease such as asthma or COPD have been shown to have higher rates of anxiety. Again, the causal nature of this relationship hasnt been established and is likely complex, but it is reasonable to assume that at least some of the connection involves fear of respiratory failure.Higher rates of anxiety have been linked to the dev elopment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in those diagnosed with gastroenteritis.A connection has been shown between phobic anxiety and sudden cardiac death.People with hypertension, thyroid disease, and cancer have been shown to have higher rates of anxiety.A study of 4,181 individuals found that most people with both anxiety and physical health problems reported developing anxiety first. What This Means for You What do these study results mean for you? If you have been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and also have a physical health problem, talking to your doctor about both issues is important. Those who suffer from both anxiety and physical illness have been shown to have a poorer quality of life, so it is important that you receive treatment to address both your anxiety and physical health concerns. If you suffer from a physical health issue such as IBS, asthma, COPD or heart disease, and have symptoms of anxiety but havent received a formal assessment, you may want to ask your doctor whether this step might be appropriate. If it turns out that you do suffer from an anxiety disorder, your doctor will be able to tailor your treatment program to best suit your needs.

The Relationship Between Anxiety and Illness

The Relationship Between Anxiety and Illness Social Anxiety Disorder Related Conditions Print The Relationship Between Anxiety and Illness By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 14, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 22, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Thomas Barwick/Getty Images Anxiety and illness often go hand-in-hand. Physical health concerns are worrying on their own, but even more so when you also have mental health problems. Anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder (SAD) tend to be associated with illnesses such as heart disease, gastrointestinal issues, and respiratory illness. Although the relationship between anxiety and illness has been established, it is a bit of a chicken-and-egg scenario as far as the causal relationship between the two. Does anxiety trigger biological processes that lead to physical health problems? Does poor physical health (e.g., migraines or arthritis) lead to anxiety? Or does something else, such as genetic or environmental factors, cause both anxiety and physical health issues? What research has clearly shown is that those who have physical health problems complicated by anxiety tend to have worse symptoms, respond less well to treatment, and are more likely to have fatal illnesses. What the Research Shows Studies of the relationship between anxiety and physical health have generally grouped anxiety disorders together as a whole. Therefore, we dont know, for example, whether someone with social anxiety disorder (SAD) is more likely to suffer from a different type of physical health complaint than someone with panic disorder.Research has shown, however, that those with SAD are more likely to have problems with health in general. A study of 202 Iranian students examined the impact of social phobia on physical health and found that students with social phobia scored lower on measures of general health and vitality.As might be expected, those with chronic respiratory disease such as asthma or COPD have been shown to have higher rates of anxiety. Again, the causal nature of this relationship hasnt been established and is likely complex, but it is reasonable to assume that at least some of the connection involves fear of respiratory failure.Higher rates of anxiety have been linked to the dev elopment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in those diagnosed with gastroenteritis.A connection has been shown between phobic anxiety and sudden cardiac death.People with hypertension, thyroid disease, and cancer have been shown to have higher rates of anxiety.A study of 4,181 individuals found that most people with both anxiety and physical health problems reported developing anxiety first. What This Means for You What do these study results mean for you? If you have been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and also have a physical health problem, talking to your doctor about both issues is important. Those who suffer from both anxiety and physical illness have been shown to have a poorer quality of life, so it is important that you receive treatment to address both your anxiety and physical health concerns. If you suffer from a physical health issue such as IBS, asthma, COPD or heart disease, and have symptoms of anxiety but havent received a formal assessment, you may want to ask your doctor whether this step might be appropriate. If it turns out that you do suffer from an anxiety disorder, your doctor will be able to tailor your treatment program to best suit your needs.

Strategic Marketing - 1052 Words

Running head: STRATEGIC MARKETING PROCESS Strategic Marketing Process Strategic Marketing Process In order for an organization to reach its target markets, it must use the strategic marketing process to allocate its marketing mix resources. The marketing mix is elements, such as price, product, place, and promotion (also known as the 4 â€Å"P†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s) used in the make up the marketing process (Bayne Hardin, 2002). It is important for an organization to have a good understanding of the marketing mix. Each element is important when developing a marketing plan (Bayne Hardin). It is equally important to understand that to accurately utilize the marketing process; the organization must follow another process which consists of three phases†¦show more content†¦Customer loyalty is one of the most powerful weapons an organization has in its strategic arsenal (American Marketing Association, 2003). However, most companies do not fully understand the value of customer loyalty or realize its potential for enhancing customer relationships (Bus inessTown.com, 2003). So how does all of this affect the end customer? A recent trend focused the marketing mix directly on the customer. Instead of the 4 â€Å"P’s†, there is the 4 â€Å"C’s.† These 4†C†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s customer value, cost to customer, convenience to the buyer and communication (American Marketing Association). Customer value is how much the customer values the product; cost to the customer includes customer’s time and energy, along with the price of the product; convenience for the buyer is similar to place explained earlier in the paper; and communication which is similar to promotion, also explained earlier in the paper (American Marketing Association). Organizations must also realize the importance of using marketing strategies. Some marketing strategies have both long and short term benefits. Short-term strategies create immediate revenue (Kyle, 2001). Sales and accounting people often prefer these to long-term approach es because the results are direct and quantifiable (Kyle). The disadvantage of relying strictly on short-term approaches is the effect is temporary and they tend to be limited-time techniques that do not work well over time (Kyle). Long-term strategies buildShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing1098 Words   |  5 Pages Strategic Marketing Lauren Hartshorn Grand Canyon University: LDR 620 October 31, 2012 Strategic Marketing A successful strategic marketing process must be thoroughly developed prior to implementation. A strategic marketing plan according to Vega Rojas (2010) is â€Å"to assign and to coordinate effectively the marketing activities and resources in order to achieve the company’s goals or strategic mission (p. 3). The strategic plan must include target goals consistent withRead MoreStrategic Marketing3492 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Strategic Marketing Contents Abstract Strategic marketing is the plan and roadmap of an organization which help to fit the marketing objectives with corporate vision. An organization’s ultimate target is to achieve competitive advantage in the market. Strategic marketing assists an organization to implement its marketing strategies to create positioning in the market so it becomes easy to achieve competitive advantage. 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Marketing is strategically concerned with the direction and scope of the long-term activities performed by the organizationRead MoreStrategic marketing management7451 Words   |  30 PagesTesco Stores Ltd, Tesco Bank, Tesco Mobile Website : www.tesco.com Strategic marketing management is the process of formulation, estimation and implementation of marketing strategy by an organization. Indeed a marketing strategy aimed at differentiating the business in a positive way with respect to its competition through satisfying customer needs. According to Tony proctor (Strategic Marketing, 2000) a strategy is a plan that integrates an organization’s major goals, policiesRead MoreStrategic Planning And Strategic Marketing Planning795 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic marketing planning was formally introduced in 1950s with its all reviving attributes. The big organisations helped to grown the strategic planning orderly, it called comprehensive structure, later it adopted by numerous big and small organisations, George A. Steiner describes in his book â€Å"Strategic Planning†. There are various definitions of market strategy and every definition has its own aspect (Li et al 2000). According to Wensley (1983) marketing strategy is an act, a practice and a

Integrity of the Game Life Lessons through Sports

When I was four I started playing softball; when I was nine I started playing tennis: and when I was fourteen I started playing volleyball. Up until now I thought these were just ways of my parents getting rid of me for a couple hours a day. Up until now I did not realize that I learned anything more from playing these sports than hitting a homerun, serving a kick serve, or being able to set a ball 20 feet away. Now, I realize that all these sports have taught me some key life lessons. These sports have taught me that mistakes are great, to handle stress, and how to increase positive energy even when things are not going well. They have given me a lifetime of friends, leadership skills and more confidence in what I do. In short, playing a sport has endless benefits. One of the more obvious benefits is better health. This would not be temporary health benefits but life long. It is sad to hear that in the United States alone there has been a growth in childhood obesity. 33% of children and adolescents are obese. By participating in a sport, it helps regulates the calories that are being burned, and it helps one maintain a healthy weight. The Report from the United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace states that children and teens, upon playing a sport, increase the development of healthy bones, efficient heart and lung function, and improved motor skills and cognitive function. All skills that are utilized in everyday life. With that, this leadsShow MoreRelatedFailure Is Much Often a Better Teacher Than Success,895 Words   |  4 Pagesknow how to react whenever that time comes. It is everyone’s dream to be successful, but success is very rarely given to anyone. Everyone has obstacles to get over and their own set of trials and tribulations. 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Sure,Read MoreSports Are A Great Chance For Kids Essay2567 Words   |  11 PagesSports are a great chance for kids to develop their life skills and to make friends. Although sports are sports are supposed to be about the kids and them learning and having fun, other factors deter them from their love of the game. Complete fairness in sports would dull the excitement and the feeling of triumph of winning, however, there still needs to be boundaries set to keep the integrity of the game. The â€Å"everyone wins† mindset puts the idea in children s heads, that they don t have to try

The Wondering Of The Internet - 1996 Words

The Wondering of the Internet Shanae S. Moultrie ITT Technical Institution Abstract The Internet also known as ARPANET was created on January 1, 1983. Researchers began to assemble the â€Å"network of networks† that became the modern Internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. (Evan Andrews - http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet)Throughout the world, the internet continues to have a significant effect on society. Many argue that the Internet opens a world of endless opportunities for young and old adults, but others feel as if the internet is a loaded cesspool of tinted information, illegal or inappropriate materials, and privacy disturbance. However, it clear that the internet still has substantially a numerous amount of benefits for the world that range from, Social Networks, Education, Entertainment, Making money, and Internet Purchases. 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Organizational Cynicism and Union Commitment †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Cynicism and Union Commitment. Answer: Introduction: The study will discuss about the hospitality sector that I have selected to discuss upon. The annotated bibliography contains the articles that I have found to be relevant and appropriate to be discussed upon. The references have discussed various aspects of these industries and have helped me to understand the role and importance of this industry. It has also included the threats and the issues that are common in this industry. The study has detailed about the articles by the authors along with my view points about the topic. The informations that I have read have given me certain ideas from the article that have been discussed in the study. I found that the public services in all countries are experiencing attraction and retention but the public sectors seems to have some additional challenges compared to the labor market of hospitality industry. The article is stating the inter relation between technology and hospitality service. It states how the development in IT sectors has helped the tourism and hospitality industry to alter their pattern and style of treating the customers. the article is highlighting how the use of technology has helped to create a better and easy way for customer attraction and satisfaction in the tourism and hospitality enterprise. It discusses how the latest technology is meeting the demands of the customer in the present days and is making lifestyle easier than previous times. The hotels are using hi technology services that are demanded by the customers, especially the premium and sophisticated customers. This article claims that IT should be the major ingredient of hospitality management. Thus, the people in hospitality management must be daily informed about the development and latest innovation in IT sector to implement the technology in the enterprise. The article analyzes the content on IT re lated articles that will help to improve the condition of the hospitality enterprise. This article will help me to understand the importance of IT in every sector including the hospitality sector. The advance technology and developments helps to make the life of every individual easier and simpler. The importance of modernization is faced in every sector. The latest technology and advancement has improved the sectors to reach the international market, satisfy premium customers and make a specific brand name in the market. All these are possible only because of the rise of technology in the in the system. the article will give a clear idea about the importance of technology involvement in hospitality management. Hospitality management means facing the external factors that involves welcoming the foreign clients, their culture, their ethics and society. It would be difficult to know much about a foreign region without the involvement of social media or technology. The technology has helped to make the contacts between two distinct regions closer thus improving the condi tion of hospitality management. This article will help to provide sufficient information about the advancement in hospitality management. Hence, I have selected this article to be the most suitable one to give relevant and exact information about technology advance in hospitality management and its importance. This article is related to the glass ceiling in hospitality management. The minority section and women were not given proper positions in hospitality industry. The article states that the present generation is giving equal chances to the women and minority section in society. The importance of equality is needed everywhere thus it is important to give equal rights to every individual. This article suggests that the barrier to women will be going to change in the immediate future thus the enterprise should take necessary changes in the present days. The common self imposed barriers are giving higher positions to the women and minority section in society. The article states to common problems due to which these sections are neglected and that include family issues, work life balance, minority and many more. It has set examples that how people especially women have left their jobs to opt for better opportunities and have proved their capabilities in life. They have shown an example of M arissa Mayer who had left the job in Google to accept the top job in yahoo. She was thirty-seven years old and was pregnant when she has opted for the job role. This proves that situations and believes do not make any sense. It is the capability of every individual that should determine his or her job role. This article is extremely influencing and supportive to the society that enhances the scope of equality and sets aside the glass ceiling. This article will help me to understand the development the hospitality industry is trying to bring in the present generation. The present generation is favoring the introduction of women power and minority section power in the work field. The article is highly influencing and motivated the industry to focus on the improvement of the worker section. They try to focus on the capability of the workers and not on their gender or caste. The article highly states how the industry is growing and modernizing themselves for a well framed industry that gives equal chances to everyone in the work place irrespective of their caste, creed or gender. The article states about the turnover crisis that has a great impact on hospitality industry. The study gives an overview of the causes of job dissatisfaction, which force the employees to leave their job and look for other opportunities. The study hi-light the condition of turnover in international and national market. The study determines how the turnover crisis affects the industry and what the reasons are. The study shows the necessary steps the hospitality industry must take to ensure the satisfaction of the employees. The study has included many practitioners examinations on organized performance and interest of employees to have free and comfortable work condition. It states that human resource is a main part that enhances the image of the organization. It states that job satisfaction is a justified direction that the employee moves in the job industry and the hospitality industry must ensure a satisfies job role for every employee in it. The importance of employee satisfactio n is a major concern in the industry. The study helps me to get a clear idea about the importance of job role satisfaction in every industry. The workers must be satisfied with their job and have a well-established understanding about their job life. The employees must not turnover their job role and seek for other opportunities. The company has to ensure that the workers are enjoying their job role and are able to work as per the company requirement. The study helped me to understand the importance of turnover and the crisis that is faced by the organization when there is an employee crisis. The hospitality industry must understand the importance of employees else that will have an negative impact in their work production. An excessive unhealthy environment or dissatisfying job role forces a worker to leave the job. The turnover costs affects the organization and thus result to some disastrous results that might affect the industry internally and externally. Hence, the companies or industries must assure a well framed e mployee organization system to ensure that the workers are working efficiently and also enjoying their job role at the same time. The paper identifies the factors that are affecting the employees in this industry satisfying their need and may lead them to turn over. The article claims the employee empowerment that is the most strong approach to improve the condition of the worker efficiency and customer service. The study emphasizes on the importance of employee empowerment and its effective way to give priority to the staff in hospitality management. The study also focuses on the pitfall on high power distance culture and its affects are much weaker in it. As the importance of leadership is clear, the MNC may desire to seek for employees who would prefer employee empowerment strategy. The study highly focuses on the empowerment of employees and their importance. The service industry has come to the conclusion that empowerment is a way to increase profit and improve operations. The study has proved that empowerment is directly linked with increased job satisfaction. It states that despite of comfortable and desirable conditions of empowerment few important factors are not considered that what role should the leader play empowering their subordin ates. The study is having a idea of how important the role of employees play in the job life. The study discusses the need for employee empowerment. There is a n urgent need for empowering the employees in every industry. These strategies are also required in the employees as the MNCs would seek got employees with such strategies for their self growth and development. The study focuses in the need for employee empowerment, as the employees must be empowered to give their opinion and decision to the company. The employees play a vital role in the industry and must be considered in every field. The hospitality industry with the multicultural workforce is a logical candidate for explicit consideration of cultural values in employee empowerment. The article in details the relationship between breach of psychological contract, organizational cynicism and commitment among the hospitality sector. It defines how the employee union have attracted a globally unionized employees consisting of a part of the total work place. There is no common global definition of union that exists but it symbolizes association of employees that shows the interest and benefits of the employees. The study states that urbanization and hospitality is considered unnecessary and there is low potential for unionizing, recent actions by few organizations have lead to a conclusion that breach of psychological contract has increased the scope for this industry. It has benefitted the industry by creating higher scope for unions and understandings among the workers of this industry. Another reason for unionism in this industry is their low pay scale or wages that has made more scope for bonding and understanding among the workers in comparison to other sectors . Majority of researches say that individualist society and their findings may not have same implication in collectivism societies. The study has helped to understand the importance of working together and facing same issues can create a different level of understanding and bond among the workers and industry. The hospitality industry too has the same scenario. The industry that is expected to have the minimum scope for unions and bonds among the workers have the high scope and chances of understanding as they face same issues. The industry is facing similar issues like low wages that is a similar problem for all the workers and thus has created a bond among them. The study has also helped to understand what issue the company faces when the employers fail to fulfill the obligations which is main cause for employee frustration and subsequent unionization. The study has shown the research methodology and defined and justifies the conclusions for a better understanding. It has helped me to understand better what are the consequences and how much relevant they are. References AlBattat, A. R. S., Som, A. P. M. (2013). Employee dissatisfaction and turnover crises in the Malaysian hospitality industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(5), 62. Bashir, S., Nasir, M. (2013). Breach of psychological contract, organizational cynicism and union commitment: A study of hospitality industry in Pakistan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 61-65. Boone, J., Veller, T., Nikolaeva, K., Keith, M., Kefgen, K., Houran, J. (2013). Rethinking a glass ceiling in the hospitality industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(3), 230-239. Law, R., Leung, D., Au, N., Lee, H. A. (2013). Progress and development of information technology in the hospitality industry: Evidence from Cornell Hospitality Quarterly.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(1), 10-24. Raub, S., Robert, C. (2013). Empowerment, organizational commitment, and voice behavior in the hospitality industry: Evidence from a multinational sample. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(2), 136-148.

Desktop Publishing Analysis Essay Example

Desktop Publishing Analysis Essay It is important for me to have a good quality colour printer for a magazine. I will also have a larger, good quality screen so that the magazine can be seen easily on the screen. I will also need a good sized hard drive to store numerous graphics. Hardware Processor I have an Intel Core 2 Extreme Processor QX6700, 2.66 GHz so that I can create the magazine quickly RAM The computer has 1024mb ram so that the computer can run a lot of programs at the same time. For example, I can open up the magazine and at the same time can manipulate graphics to be put on the magazine. We will write a custom essay sample on Desktop Publishing Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Desktop Publishing Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Desktop Publishing Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hard drive I have a 200 GB hard drive so I can store many graphics. Monitor I am using a 23 inch monitor so that the whole magazine can be seen on one screen without scrolling down too much. Colour printer I have an Epson R320 printer so that I can print out the magazine quickly and can also have good quality print-outs. Keyboard and mouse I will use a Microsoft Wireless Desktop 8000 which includes both a keyboard and a mouse. I will need the keyboard to type the words in the magazine and will use the mouse to copy and paste graphics onto the magazine. Software Word processing With this I can manipulate the text easily. For example, I can choose different font sizes in different styles or by underlining the text and making it bold. I can put line spacing in easily and put things in italics and bold to make them stand out. Desktop publishing With this I can manipulate images easily. For example, I can cut, trim down the pictures, put text layers over pictures and. I can also fade and shade, put text around a graphic and also put borders on pictures and text. Therefore, I have decided to use a desktop publishing program as I will be manipulating graphics and text together. Inputs Data needed Data source Data type Company logo Company website Graphics Magazine price Sony records Text Colour scheme Mr Burke Graphic Features of front cover Editor Graphic Title of magazine Sony records Text Main graphic on cover Internet Graphic Company name Mr Burke Text Contents Sony records Text Backup strategy A backup of each magazine will be stored in an external hard drive. The hard drive will have a memory capacity of 80 GB, which will have enough space to store many backups. This is to make sure that if the original is somehow lost because of the computer crashing for example, then the backup could be used instead. The backup will be saved every time the magazine is changed, and will also be password protected, so no-one without authorisation can use it. Process * I will open a desktop publishing program * I will open a new template * I will save the template * I will copy a graphic from http://www.ps3blog.net/wp-content/ps3_black_top.jpg and put it into an image manipulation program and delete part of it. * I will put it in the program as the background picture. * I will place a barcode on the bottom left. * I will add a logo to the top of the page * I will add text and manipulate it * I will rotate some text * I will then save the front cover. Hard copy I have a choice of which size paper I should use. I will print out the front cover on A4 paper, because all the contents of the cover will be able to be seen on A4. I will also need to print the covers out in colour because the graphics are in colour so I will need a colour printer to be able to see the colours fully. It will also be in portrait format because all the cover will be able to be written on portrait and landscape will not be needed. Soft copy On the screen, the magazine will be able to be seen, with my objectives included. It will then be able to be edited, checked or deleted, as appropriate.

E-mail-Whats Good About It essays

E-mail-What's Good About It essays The introduction of e-mail is by far one of the greatest things since sliced bread. E-mail has enabled us to be more efficient at work, home, and play. Before we were blessed with e-mail, we were reduced to using phone, fax or postage to communicate. All of these ways were very costly. E-mail saves us money on stamps, stationary, and phone bills. It is definitely quicker than using our current air and land mail system. On my job I am requires to read my E-mail daily. My higher headquarters is in Alabama and I am in Louisiana. It is much easier to reach them through E-mail than by telephone. If I call and no one is available to answer the phone because of meetings, I know that I can send an E-mail and when the recipient returns to the office and check their E-mail, my message will be there. It has been my experience that I get a faster response when I e-mail. Sometimes when I have called and got an answering machine, I was told that the message was never received, this dont happen with E-mail because I am notified when the message has been received by the person I sent it to. I am retired from the Army and have many friends all over the world. My husband has just returned from a year long deployment in Afghanistan. Sometimes using a telephone was nearly impossible, but I received e-mails messages from him on a daily basis. This by itself saved me many hours of worrying about his safety after hearing news reports of enemy activity in the area where he was assigned. I have other friends still deployed in E-Mail-Whats good About It 2 defense of our country. We communicate as much as possible through E-mail. I am able to help keep them motivated with my constant E-mails of encouragement Of, course I use E-mail sometimes purely for my enjoyment. I receive a variety of E-mails from friends with something to simply make me laugh. We are ...

Functionalistic Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Functionalistic Theory - Essay Example The basic principles of functionalist theory as applied in psychology reside in the concept that although every part of the organism functions independently, they are still linked together. Each has its own function to perform but all parts have the ultimate goal of determining ways to adapt to the environment to maintain equilibrium. Such function is the primary concern of functionalistic theory rather than the structures. In addition, human functioning and behaviors are understood through the conduction of research and other methods of study employing non human animals because of their relation to humans making them a suitable substitute for investigation of real life events. But since not all humans are the same, functionalists stressed that there are individual variations which laid further studies regarding individual differences. The works of the three theorists of functionalism, Thorndike, Dewey and James have contributed much to functionalism’s popularity and applicati on. Their work did not only advocate the recognition of functionalism as a school of thought but had influenced the American education. Along this line, their significant addition is compared and contrasted. The idea of James had changed how physics was thought from Newtonian operation to pragmatism.

Socrates Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Socrates - Research Paper Example To put it in simple words, Protagoras views the principle of morality as a valuable aspect that facilitates social cooperation. On the other hand, Socrates holds a vision about the principle of morality as a matter of an individuals’ interrelation towards his/her own soul which cannot be taught based on certain defined theories or assumptions contradicting Protagoras’ views that a person learns virtue from his early age recently when he/she starts speaking (Plato 5-25). Thesis Statement This study intends to analyze the arguments made by Socrates questioning the dialogues in Protagoras regarding the teachability of virtue and education humans regarding wisdom. Protagoras’ acclamations with reference to the viewpoints of Socrates will also be analyzed in this study to recognize the role of a rational agent, its justness and also its goodness in teaching wisdom to individuals. Proper justification will also be rendered with concern to the agreeability of the thesis , i.e. Protagoras. Explanation of the Argument The sole concern of Protagoras’ acclamations has been to rationalize that virtue and wisdom of human life can be taught. However, this argument has further been countered by Socrates where he questions the reality concerning the teachability aspects of virtues. ... Conversely, Socrates holds a perception that the diverse aspects of virtue are singular as well as indivisible in nature. As per his beliefs concerning the aspects of courage and wisdom are simply dissimilar names for two similar qualities of good life. Apart from arguing regarding diverse aspects of virtue, the determination of the interrelation between knowledge, doing good and pleasure have also been focused in the rudiments of Socrates’ arguments based on Protagoras’ dialogues. In this connection, Socrates proclaimed that pleasure undividable with the concern of good. This can be further rationalized with reference to Socrates’ acclamation that anything which seems to be painful is regarded as evil. This particular proclamation of Socrates signified that it is not possible knowingly to do what is good which apparently contradicts the views of Protagoras stating that individuals can be taught of doing good. Moreover, the proclamation put forward by Socrates al so represented with reference to the fact that it is quite unfeasible to live delightfully while performing any sort of evil activity which again rationalizes a strong connection within the various aspects of virtue as described by Protagoras. Conversely, Protagoras argued that there are several people who are not able to measure the most prominent doing that would bring pleasure to them. Hence, as a consequence, wrong activities are generally caused by ignorance that is not to be considered as a conflict or disagreement between ethical duties and the aspirations for pleasure within an individual. According to Protagoras’ dialogues, there lay the requirement of a specific art or

Effect of Corporate Governance on Attracting Investors

Effect of Corporate Governance on Attracting Investors Corporate governance is the way of corporation being directed which is involves a relationship between the manager , the shareholders , and other stakeholders of the company. The use of corporate governance is to provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set. In adopting a good corporate governance, companies should be transparent of the financial reports. Now adays most company around the world have adopt good corporate governance system , but some of the countries have not adopt the system. In this project , it will contain a research of the corporate governance status in Indonesia. Wether most of company in Indonesia have adopted a good corporate governance or not. Inside this project, there are two research question which is using different type of statical analysis. The first research question was made to found out wether is it true that a good corporate governance will attract more investors to the company. The second research question was made to know have most company in Indonesia have issue their corporate governance report according to the standard and transparency. And the result of the research is that there are some correlation between the corporate governance and performance of company. The other finding is that some of the company in Indonesia still not transparent in disclosing the corporate governance report. Chapter 1 Introduction Research background Corporate governance is one of the important factors that should be maintain inside the company. Now adays a lot of investors not only looking for financial reports of the company but they are also looking for the corporate governance status of the company. Since the financial crisis in 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Indonesia facing some diffculties in the economic factors. Alot of company were collapse , because many directors made a wrong decision. From that moment the economic and political condition in Indonesia is not stable. This problems will effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. But by creating a good corporate governance structure they are some benefit from it. A good corporate governance system will help directors, corporate managers , and owner to better governing the company. Many international investors hesitate to invest their money if the corporate governance structure does not so good. They want to know how well the is the directors can manage the company. There are some important key role of the corporate governance which are a transparency of the company financial and non-financial reportings , independent commisioner , and audit committee of the company. Investors want to know clearly the way of company leaders directing their company in achiving the goal. Investors will not invest their money if the company does not have a clear structure of the company. That is why adopting a good corporate governance may have some advantages, it will be easier to obtain capital and increasing share price. Using the data of corporate governance it can also effects the performance of the company.The corporate governance report will shows all the activity of the leaders inside the company. In governing a company there are rules for the directors , managers, and shareholders that must be follow. Such as a Annual General Meetings, most of the leaders of the company must attend this meetings at lease twice a year. If they are not fullfil their job as a leader of the company, it will be reported in the corporate governance report. 1.2 Research Objectives 1.2.1 Primary Research Objectives The primary objectives of this project is to give some information about the latest situation of coporate governance in Indonesia using the latest data which is taken from the year 2009 and also a questioner which is from the year 2010. Many people believes that a good corporate governance system can attract more investors to the company, so inside this project it will tested wether that statement is true or not. And this project also want to know wether most of company in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance reporting transparently. 1.2.2 Secondary Research Objectives The secondary objective of this project are : From the research it will shows the advancement of corporate governance system in Indonesia. Showing the effectiveness of corporate governance reporting for the company Take some feedback from the employee in Indonesia about the corporate governance situation in the company where they are working. Chapter 2 Literature Review A good corporate governance is important for a company around the world. Instead of financial data of the company, investors also looking at the corporate governance disclosure data before they are deciding in which company that should they invest in. From the data it will show the management situation of that company. Some of the country around the world still very low in conducting a good corporate governance. Conducting a good corporate governance will make the company more profitable , it will attract more shareholders to invest in our company. Lawrence D. Brown and Marcus L. Caylor (2004) using a sample of 2,327 companies and based on 51 corporate governance provisions which is provided by Institutional Investor Services (ISS) they found out that companies which are better governed relatively got a better income or more profitable and most of the shareholders got more dividend from the company. Based on a data which is taken from Institutional Shareholder Service , they create b road measure of corporate governance and they create Gov- score. The Gov-score was measured of 51 factors which is encompassing eight categories of the corporate goverenance which is : board of directors , auditors , characters by laws , executive and director compensation , ownership , progressive practices , and state of incorporation. Financial problem now adays become the major topic globally , it effects a lot of firms around the world. PaquitaY. Davis , Li Li Eng , and Chao-Shin Liu (2006) they were investigate the role of corporate governance mechanisms and accounting system in four different countries in Asia which is Indonesia , Korea , Malaysia , and Thailand. Those countries were effected by Asian financial crisis. They found out that it is depends on the corporate governance mechanisms and accounting system in effecting the book value of equity and it is also determining the relation between the accounting information and stock prices during the economy-wide financial crisis. Results of their finding is the earnings in Thailand and Indonesia was reduced during the Asian financial crisis and increased in book of value. In Korea , neither earnings nor book of value was impacted by the crisis. And the last one which is in Malaysia both book of value and earnings was decreased during the Asian financial crisi s. Bernard S. Black , Woochan Kim , Hasung Jang , and Kyung-Suh Park (2009) conduct a research in KCGI (Korea Corporate Governance Index). They try to find the relation between level of corporate governance and the effects the firm market value. And the findings of their research that overall firms that are better governed got a some competitive advantage than other company. From the research , overall firms who got higher KCGI will get higher dividends , got a lower capital expenditures ( because of Korea firms that are overinvest) but the investment is more sensitive to profitability , lagged board structure predicts higher profit , the related party transactions will reduce adverse for firm value. Robert W.McGee (2010) Indonesia need to develop the structure of the corporate governance. By developing a good corporate governance he found out that it will helps increasing the share prices and it will be easier to obtain capital. And from his research information which is from the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bank ROSC report about rights of shareholders , equitable treatment of shareholders , role of stakeholders in corporate governance , disclosure and transparancy , and responsibility of the boards from the scale one to five , Indonesia overall score is 2.83% which conclude from his research that corporate governance in Indonesia is need to be develop. From the research he suggested that companies in Indonesia need to strenghten shareholder access to the information of the company , in treating the shareholders must be equally , and company must fully adopt the International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS) and also International Standards of Auditing. Meidyah Indreswari (2006) identified Indonesia corporate governance status which was turn bad because of the tragedy of economic crisis in 1997. From the research the writters found out there are several factors that make corporate governance fail in that year. Firstly, using agency theory to explain the relation between the agent and the principal was more problematic in ISOEs than the private enterprise. Secondly, the rules of board director and management is really important for the company. Government should reduce their intervention in ISOEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operating system in order to make the boards of the company to work more effective. Thirdly, findings of the research shows that the corporate governance in Indonesia was not effective due to unclear information about role of corporate governance and also a unclear programmes of the company. These problems can create the lack of commitment of the employee to the company which lead to failling of the corporate governance. La stly, other factors that lead into fail corporate governance are culture , public governance , and law enforcement. In order to fix those factors, there should be a joint efforts from the public sectore is needed to ensure a good corporate governance will be occure. A study also conducted by Maria Andersson and Manal Daoud (2005) using the agency theory to test the factors that influence the corporate governance disclosure information in Swedish listed corporations. Using 41 listed companies in Swedish as an example , according to they research it found out that factors that influence the corporations are the parents company it self and the size of the corporation in disclose the corporate governance information. They also find out that agency theory is not a proper theory to find the influence of corporations in disclose information about corporate governance. Zheng Fan , Liyan Wang , Jidong Zhang (2008) they conduct a research about the relation of company motivation in voluntary disclosure will effect the earning quallity of the company. The research information was taken from the Chinese capital market in 2004-2006 period. And the results of their result is that the company disclosure data and corporate governance of the company will not effects the earning quality of the company. There are many companies in different countries that already adopted a good corporate governance. When a lot company have adopted a good corporate governance and shows the transparency of the company performance, it will be easier for the investors to choose in which country they will invest in. But in some countries such as Indonesia there are still some difficulties in adopting a good corporate governce. Benny Simon Tabalujan (2002) studied factors that made the corporate governance in Indonesia failed. Since the financial crisis in Indonesia which is around 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s there are a lot of trouble that effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. The most influence factors that he found out were the legal culture and the law. According to his research Indonesia had so much law that must be follow , the law will make some difficulties for the company to perform. He was suggested that Indonesia need to less down those law and regulation for the company so company can perform well in the future. Dudi M. Kurniawan and Nur Indiriantoro (2000) did a research about the status of corporate governance in Indonesia. And the findings of the study were divided into 5 different parts which are factors that influence the corporate governance status in a company. The first part of his research was about the ownership structure in Indonesia companies. And he found out that Indonesia had two boards in corporate governance system which is not effective for the company. The second part of his research was about the efforts to develop the corporate governance in Indonesia , and he found out that Indonesia corporate governance still need a help from the international countries. The third part of his research was about the accounting standards in Indonesia which should be written according to the basic of International Accounting Standards. The fourth part of his research tell us about audit standards and the audit profession in Indonesia. He suggested that Indonesian auditors need to pay atte ntion to the standards in Indonesia. It is because according to his research a lot of Indonesian auditors look for USA auditors standards and forgeting the standards in his country. This will be a crucial effects for the company. And according to his research the cause of Indonesian financial crisis in 1997 was the auditors in Indonesia miss ditection of fraud that happened in most of companies in Indonesia. This fraud make a lot of company in Indonesia collapse.The fifth parts of his research found out the disclosure data of corporate Indonesia still need to be more transparancy to the public. So from his research conclude that there are a lot of challenges in conducting a good corporate governance in Indonesia but those challenges can be minimize if there is an efforts to conducting a good corporate governance from inside the company. Werner R. Murhadi (2009) did a research using some information from the Indonesia Stock exchange in period 2005-2007 specializes in manufacture companies to test the performance of the corporate governance in Indonesia. He was using five good corporate governance indicators which are independent commisioner , CEO duality , audit committee , top share , and shareholders coalition to investigate rather it will effects the earning management practices. The findings of the research was a good corporate governance will effect earning management practices which done by the company. Another thing that he found out from the research was a lot of companies in Indonesia do EM ( Earning Management ) with negative leans. The purpose of the company do that is to make their revenue look smaller which can help the company to avoiding tax. Sanjeev Bhojraj and Partha Sengupta (2001) they conducted research about the effect of corporate governance to the bond ratings and yield. They found out that corporate governance mechanisms will reduce conflicts of interest between the directors and the providers by monitoring to their actions. And they were also found out that company which have a greater institutional ownership and got influence by the external control of the board will have a lower bond yields and high ratings for the new bond issues. From the research they are suggested that company that are facing stronger external monitoring from the governance mechanisms are rewarded with low yields and high bond ratings. Monitoring the situation of the company should be maintain so it will stabilize the firm value of the company. Sridhar Arcot and Valentina G. Bruno (2009) studied about the different type of corporate governance will effects the firm performance. Their studied the effects of law in a country to the corporate governance mechanism. Since law and regulation is different from one country to the others, according Sridar and Valentina company must adjust to that law especially for the multinational firms. Disclosing corporate governance report is one of the important factor because they found out some of the governance report was uninformative which mean it was not clear. The impact of the weak corporate governace was it shows the the inefficient use of the firms resources which can lead to the poor operating income. Benny Simon Tabalujan (2002) studied factors that made the corporate governance in Indonesia failed. Since the financial crisis in Indonesia which is around 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s there are a lot of trouble that effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. The most influence factors that he found out were the legal culture and the law. According to his research Indonesia had so much law that must be follow , the law will make some difficulties for the company to perform. He was suggested that Indonesia need to less down those law and regulation for the company so company can perform well in the future. Siti Nuryanah (2009) said there are still a problem in Indonesia corporate governance specially in audit committee. The problems in audit committee in Indonesia is that they holding a double positions in other companies, which it make the audit committee is not efficient in doing the works. And also , there are some company that does not have an audit committee. By not having an audit committee will become a problem for the board of committe in taking a decision. The research found out that 30 % from the JSX (Jakarta Stock Exchange) public listed companies does not have independent commisioners. Although that kind of problem occure , from her results it was found out that most of the companies in Indonesia have complied with the regulation of corporate governance. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Data The data of this project was taken from annual report in Indonesia stock exchange, IICD (Indonesia Institute for Corporate Directorship) reports which is the latest report, and 100 questioners which is given to the working people in Indonesia. The questioner was translating into Indonesia Language. 3.2 Methodology In this project there are two-research question that can lead to the answer of this research project. Each of the research questions will be tested in different type of statistical analysis test. The two-research questions of this project are: First: Is it true that adopting good corporate governance will attract more investors? Second: Using some factors in corporate governance reports, does most company in Indonesia have report their corporate governance data transparently? By using these research questions, several questions in the questionnaire had been made to gather answers from the respondents which then it will be linked back to answer the research questions. Inside the questioner there are divided into two section. The first section of the questioner is basic question about the corporate governance and the employee posisition in a company which they are working. The second section of the questioner is the important answer for this project which is contain all information that will be used to analyze. As for the following questions in the questionnaires, respondents will be asked about questions which are mostly related to the research questions 3.2.1 Research Question 1 Is it true that adopting good corporate governance will increse the company performance ? Hypothesis: H1: good corporate governance will give a significant effect to the company performance H0: good corporate governance will not give a significant effect to the company perfirmance From the research that was conducted by Lawrence D. Brown and Marcus L. Caylor (2004) said that there were some advantages in adopting a good corporate governance. He was using a sample of 2,327 companies and based on 51 corporate governance provisions that are provided by Institutional Investor Services (ISS). And found out that company that are better governed are relatively got a better income or more profitable and most of the shareholders got more dividend from the company. Another people that argued about corporate governance mechanisms were Sanjev Bhojraj and Partha Sengupta they found out corporate governance mechanism can reduce a conflicts of interest between the directors. And also a company should monitoring inside the company so the goodness performance of the company can be maintain. From this type of question, from the statement above I would like to test whether companies that have a good corporate governance will have a lot of investors in it and also is it will attract more investors to the company. Using the survey question, it will guide to the answer of this question which are : How effective is the corporate governance report being used in your company? In your opinion, does good corporate governance will attract more investor? H0: à ? = 0 (There is no correlation between corporate governance and number of investors) H1: à ? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 (There is a correlation between corporate governance and number of investors) Sample correlation coefficient, commonly denoted  r, is calculated as following: Where X and Y are the sample means. T-test for correlation formula: 3.2.2 Research Question 2 Does most company in Indonesia have reported their corporate governance activity data transparently and disclosed it to the public on time ? Hypothesis: H1: All of the companies in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance activity transparently and on time H0: Not all of the companies in Indonesia have not disclose their corporate governance activity transparently and on time Werner R. Murhadi (2009) explored some information period 2005-2007 in Indonesia Stock Exchange specializes in manufacture companies to test the performance of the corporate governance in Indonesia. One of the result from his research was, he found out a lot of companies in Indonesia still not develop transparency in reporting data of the company. A lot of companies want to avoid tax by creating an incorrect data, which is making the revenue of the company looks smaller. Another researcher were Zheng Fan , Liyan Wang , Jidong Zhang (2008) they are argued that the company disclosure data and corporate governance of the company will not effects the earning quality of the company I would like to test whether most of the companies in Indonesia have disclosed their coporate governance data transparently. Because a good corporate governance will show a transparency data, all the performance of the companies which is bad or good must be inform to the public. One à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Way Anova (Parametric Test) From using this type of test , data that used to this test will be from question number 7, question number 8, question number 9 and question number 10 , the question from the survey have been desing will be in a way that respondents are asked to rate . This test is used to test the equality of 3 or more means by using the variances. H0:  µ1=  µ2=  µ3=  µ4 ( Most companies in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance activity transparently and on time) H1:  µ1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ4 ( Not all of the companies in Indonesia have not disclose their corporate governance activity transparently and on time) The formulas for the various sums of squares are as follows: SSE = SST à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" SSA X = sample value ith item in the jth sample n = total sample size Xj = sample value of jth sample nj = size of the jth sample We will get the respective variances if we divide the sum of squares of SSA and SSE which are as follows: F-test formula: P-value: Degrees of freedom = k-1 Degrees of freedom = n-k These two values will be used to find the critical values for the F statistic and helps us to know whether the p-value is less than or more than the significance level. Conclusion: A null hypothesis will be rejected when the significant value from the test is lower than 5 percent 3.2.3 Limitations In this project there are some limitations in it. This project only representing a small objectives of coporate governance practices in Indonesia. Moreover, the data collected from this study are limited which is only from the Indonesia Institute of Corporate directorship and 100 questioners that had been given the working people in Indonesia. Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis 4.1 Data Statistic of Questioner Section 1 4.1.1 Statistics Questioner that was Given To the Respondent N Valid 100 Missing Total Respond 7 93 From the table 4.1.1, It shows that there are 100 valid questioner that have been produced but the respond that can be used only 93 because the other 7 questioner are missing or cannot be use. 4.1.2 Number of respondent that know corporate governance Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 71 76.3 76.3 76.3 No 22 23.7 23.7 100.0 Total 93 100.0 100.0 4.1.3 Respondent Knowledge Of Corporate Governance Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very Bad 5 7.0 7.0 7.0 Bad 17 23.9 23.9 31.0 Neutral 19 26.8 26.8 57.7 Good 19 26.8 26.8 84.5 Very Good 11 15.5 15.5 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.1.4 Respondent Status In Company Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Director 19 26.8 26.8 26.8 Manager 11 15.5 15.5 42.3 Supervisor 13 18.3 18.3 60.6 Non-Supervisor 28 39.4 39.4 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.1.5 Relationship Of Directors and Shareholders in Respondent Company Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very Bad 7 9.9 9.9 9.9 Bad 18 25.4 25.4 35.2 Neutral 13 18.3 18.3 53.5 Good 26 36.6 36.6 90.1 Very Good 7 9.9 9.9 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.2 Data Statistic of Questioner Section 2 Using pearson 4.2.1 Correlations between corporate governance and Shareholders Performance CG effectiveness Shareholders Performance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 .219 Sig. (2-tailed) .066 N 71 71 ShareholdersPerformance Pearson Correlation .219 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .066 N 71 71 4.2.2 Correlations between Corporate governance and Commisioners Performance CG effectiveness Commisioners Performance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 -.019 Sig. (2-tailed) .875 N 71 71 CommisionersPerformance Pearson Correlation -.019 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .875 N 71 71 4.2.3 Correlations between Corporate governance and Directors Performance CGeffectiveness DirectorsPerformance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 .396** Sig. (2-tailed) .001 N 71 71 DirectorsPerformance Pearson Correlation .396** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .001 N 71 71 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). IICD ( Indonesia Institute of Corporate Directorship) have made a report about the corporate governance status in Indonesia. Since the corporate governance report 2009 have not been come out yet, I am using the data from the year 2008 which is issued in 2009 by the IICD institute. Corporate Governance Performance by SOEs, Bank, and Overall Category Mean Score of Corporate Governance Performance (%) 2008 Study Previous Study SOEs 76.80 74.63 Banking 75.55 71.11 Overall 61.26 67.29 The table above shows the performance of corporate governance in Indonesia Listed company. The data show in two different categories which are State Owned Enterprises sector and Banking sector. There were difference in Corporate governance performance between the SOEs variable and Banking variable. The SOEs performance was 75.20 %, while Banking was only 56.50 %. However, there are some improvement of corporate covernance practices in both of the group. There were around four percent of increasement for those top quartile and bottom quartile respectively. It is still challenging tasks facing Indonesian corporations, regulatory bodies, and other governance-related institutions how to enhance the commitment of these bottom quartile companies to good corporate governance practices as well as those companies with corporate governace performance between the top and the bottom quartile. This does not mean that attention to those top quartile firms is not necessary. In the meantime, empiric al evidence shows that corporate governance is significantly correlated to companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic performance, although the correlation is weak. OECD Principles Mean Score (%) 2008 Study Previous Study Rights of Shareholders 50.37 51.23 Equitable Treatment of Shareholders 86.35 83.02 Role of Stakeholders 63.64 58.76 Disclosure and Transparency 70.81 66.64 Responsibilities of the Board 59.02 52.36 Overall Mean Score 64.96 61.26 Using the instrument from OECD ( Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development) the IICD institute has conducted a survey which was given to the 314 public listed company in Indonesia. Inside the survey they are consisting 5 principles of OECD which are : Rights of Shareholders , Equitable Treatment of Shareholders , Role of Stakeholders , Disclosure and Transparency , and Responsibilities of the board. From the survey the IICD institute analyze the status of corporate governance in Indonesia in the year 2008. The results of research shows there are deflation in rights of shareholders in the year 2008 which is 50.37 % and from the previous study it shows that 51.23 %. But others factors for corporate governance in Indonesia had been increase in 2008, such as equitable treatment of shareholders in the year 2008 was 86.35% which is shows an advancement comparing to the previous study only 83.02 %. The role of stakeholders percentage also rise up in the year 2008 which is 63.64 % comparing to the previous study which in only 58.76%. Other factors that have been changing which is disclosure and transparency of the company, in the year 2008 it reach 70.81 % and the previous study only reach 52.36 %. The last factors that upsurged was responsibilities of the board, in the year 2008 in achieve 59.02 % and the previous study only 52.36 %. The overall mean score of the year 2008 was 64.96 % and the previous study was 61.26 %. The data shows that by using the OECD principles , the situation of corporate governance in Indonesia is getting better. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendatio Effect of Corporate Governance on Attracting Investors Effect of Corporate Governance on Attracting Investors Corporate governance is the way of corporation being directed which is involves a relationship between the manager , the shareholders , and other stakeholders of the company. The use of corporate governance is to provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set. In adopting a good corporate governance, companies should be transparent of the financial reports. Now adays most company around the world have adopt good corporate governance system , but some of the countries have not adopt the system. In this project , it will contain a research of the corporate governance status in Indonesia. Wether most of company in Indonesia have adopted a good corporate governance or not. Inside this project, there are two research question which is using different type of statical analysis. The first research question was made to found out wether is it true that a good corporate governance will attract more investors to the company. The second research question was made to know have most company in Indonesia have issue their corporate governance report according to the standard and transparency. And the result of the research is that there are some correlation between the corporate governance and performance of company. The other finding is that some of the company in Indonesia still not transparent in disclosing the corporate governance report. Chapter 1 Introduction Research background Corporate governance is one of the important factors that should be maintain inside the company. Now adays a lot of investors not only looking for financial reports of the company but they are also looking for the corporate governance status of the company. Since the financial crisis in 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Indonesia facing some diffculties in the economic factors. Alot of company were collapse , because many directors made a wrong decision. From that moment the economic and political condition in Indonesia is not stable. This problems will effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. But by creating a good corporate governance structure they are some benefit from it. A good corporate governance system will help directors, corporate managers , and owner to better governing the company. Many international investors hesitate to invest their money if the corporate governance structure does not so good. They want to know how well the is the directors can manage the company. There are some important key role of the corporate governance which are a transparency of the company financial and non-financial reportings , independent commisioner , and audit committee of the company. Investors want to know clearly the way of company leaders directing their company in achiving the goal. Investors will not invest their money if the company does not have a clear structure of the company. That is why adopting a good corporate governance may have some advantages, it will be easier to obtain capital and increasing share price. Using the data of corporate governance it can also effects the performance of the company.The corporate governance report will shows all the activity of the leaders inside the company. In governing a company there are rules for the directors , managers, and shareholders that must be follow. Such as a Annual General Meetings, most of the leaders of the company must attend this meetings at lease twice a year. If they are not fullfil their job as a leader of the company, it will be reported in the corporate governance report. 1.2 Research Objectives 1.2.1 Primary Research Objectives The primary objectives of this project is to give some information about the latest situation of coporate governance in Indonesia using the latest data which is taken from the year 2009 and also a questioner which is from the year 2010. Many people believes that a good corporate governance system can attract more investors to the company, so inside this project it will tested wether that statement is true or not. And this project also want to know wether most of company in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance reporting transparently. 1.2.2 Secondary Research Objectives The secondary objective of this project are : From the research it will shows the advancement of corporate governance system in Indonesia. Showing the effectiveness of corporate governance reporting for the company Take some feedback from the employee in Indonesia about the corporate governance situation in the company where they are working. Chapter 2 Literature Review A good corporate governance is important for a company around the world. Instead of financial data of the company, investors also looking at the corporate governance disclosure data before they are deciding in which company that should they invest in. From the data it will show the management situation of that company. Some of the country around the world still very low in conducting a good corporate governance. Conducting a good corporate governance will make the company more profitable , it will attract more shareholders to invest in our company. Lawrence D. Brown and Marcus L. Caylor (2004) using a sample of 2,327 companies and based on 51 corporate governance provisions which is provided by Institutional Investor Services (ISS) they found out that companies which are better governed relatively got a better income or more profitable and most of the shareholders got more dividend from the company. Based on a data which is taken from Institutional Shareholder Service , they create b road measure of corporate governance and they create Gov- score. The Gov-score was measured of 51 factors which is encompassing eight categories of the corporate goverenance which is : board of directors , auditors , characters by laws , executive and director compensation , ownership , progressive practices , and state of incorporation. Financial problem now adays become the major topic globally , it effects a lot of firms around the world. PaquitaY. Davis , Li Li Eng , and Chao-Shin Liu (2006) they were investigate the role of corporate governance mechanisms and accounting system in four different countries in Asia which is Indonesia , Korea , Malaysia , and Thailand. Those countries were effected by Asian financial crisis. They found out that it is depends on the corporate governance mechanisms and accounting system in effecting the book value of equity and it is also determining the relation between the accounting information and stock prices during the economy-wide financial crisis. Results of their finding is the earnings in Thailand and Indonesia was reduced during the Asian financial crisis and increased in book of value. In Korea , neither earnings nor book of value was impacted by the crisis. And the last one which is in Malaysia both book of value and earnings was decreased during the Asian financial crisi s. Bernard S. Black , Woochan Kim , Hasung Jang , and Kyung-Suh Park (2009) conduct a research in KCGI (Korea Corporate Governance Index). They try to find the relation between level of corporate governance and the effects the firm market value. And the findings of their research that overall firms that are better governed got a some competitive advantage than other company. From the research , overall firms who got higher KCGI will get higher dividends , got a lower capital expenditures ( because of Korea firms that are overinvest) but the investment is more sensitive to profitability , lagged board structure predicts higher profit , the related party transactions will reduce adverse for firm value. Robert W.McGee (2010) Indonesia need to develop the structure of the corporate governance. By developing a good corporate governance he found out that it will helps increasing the share prices and it will be easier to obtain capital. And from his research information which is from the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bank ROSC report about rights of shareholders , equitable treatment of shareholders , role of stakeholders in corporate governance , disclosure and transparancy , and responsibility of the boards from the scale one to five , Indonesia overall score is 2.83% which conclude from his research that corporate governance in Indonesia is need to be develop. From the research he suggested that companies in Indonesia need to strenghten shareholder access to the information of the company , in treating the shareholders must be equally , and company must fully adopt the International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS) and also International Standards of Auditing. Meidyah Indreswari (2006) identified Indonesia corporate governance status which was turn bad because of the tragedy of economic crisis in 1997. From the research the writters found out there are several factors that make corporate governance fail in that year. Firstly, using agency theory to explain the relation between the agent and the principal was more problematic in ISOEs than the private enterprise. Secondly, the rules of board director and management is really important for the company. Government should reduce their intervention in ISOEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operating system in order to make the boards of the company to work more effective. Thirdly, findings of the research shows that the corporate governance in Indonesia was not effective due to unclear information about role of corporate governance and also a unclear programmes of the company. These problems can create the lack of commitment of the employee to the company which lead to failling of the corporate governance. La stly, other factors that lead into fail corporate governance are culture , public governance , and law enforcement. In order to fix those factors, there should be a joint efforts from the public sectore is needed to ensure a good corporate governance will be occure. A study also conducted by Maria Andersson and Manal Daoud (2005) using the agency theory to test the factors that influence the corporate governance disclosure information in Swedish listed corporations. Using 41 listed companies in Swedish as an example , according to they research it found out that factors that influence the corporations are the parents company it self and the size of the corporation in disclose the corporate governance information. They also find out that agency theory is not a proper theory to find the influence of corporations in disclose information about corporate governance. Zheng Fan , Liyan Wang , Jidong Zhang (2008) they conduct a research about the relation of company motivation in voluntary disclosure will effect the earning quallity of the company. The research information was taken from the Chinese capital market in 2004-2006 period. And the results of their result is that the company disclosure data and corporate governance of the company will not effects the earning quality of the company. There are many companies in different countries that already adopted a good corporate governance. When a lot company have adopted a good corporate governance and shows the transparency of the company performance, it will be easier for the investors to choose in which country they will invest in. But in some countries such as Indonesia there are still some difficulties in adopting a good corporate governce. Benny Simon Tabalujan (2002) studied factors that made the corporate governance in Indonesia failed. Since the financial crisis in Indonesia which is around 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s there are a lot of trouble that effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. The most influence factors that he found out were the legal culture and the law. According to his research Indonesia had so much law that must be follow , the law will make some difficulties for the company to perform. He was suggested that Indonesia need to less down those law and regulation for the company so company can perform well in the future. Dudi M. Kurniawan and Nur Indiriantoro (2000) did a research about the status of corporate governance in Indonesia. And the findings of the study were divided into 5 different parts which are factors that influence the corporate governance status in a company. The first part of his research was about the ownership structure in Indonesia companies. And he found out that Indonesia had two boards in corporate governance system which is not effective for the company. The second part of his research was about the efforts to develop the corporate governance in Indonesia , and he found out that Indonesia corporate governance still need a help from the international countries. The third part of his research was about the accounting standards in Indonesia which should be written according to the basic of International Accounting Standards. The fourth part of his research tell us about audit standards and the audit profession in Indonesia. He suggested that Indonesian auditors need to pay atte ntion to the standards in Indonesia. It is because according to his research a lot of Indonesian auditors look for USA auditors standards and forgeting the standards in his country. This will be a crucial effects for the company. And according to his research the cause of Indonesian financial crisis in 1997 was the auditors in Indonesia miss ditection of fraud that happened in most of companies in Indonesia. This fraud make a lot of company in Indonesia collapse.The fifth parts of his research found out the disclosure data of corporate Indonesia still need to be more transparancy to the public. So from his research conclude that there are a lot of challenges in conducting a good corporate governance in Indonesia but those challenges can be minimize if there is an efforts to conducting a good corporate governance from inside the company. Werner R. Murhadi (2009) did a research using some information from the Indonesia Stock exchange in period 2005-2007 specializes in manufacture companies to test the performance of the corporate governance in Indonesia. He was using five good corporate governance indicators which are independent commisioner , CEO duality , audit committee , top share , and shareholders coalition to investigate rather it will effects the earning management practices. The findings of the research was a good corporate governance will effect earning management practices which done by the company. Another thing that he found out from the research was a lot of companies in Indonesia do EM ( Earning Management ) with negative leans. The purpose of the company do that is to make their revenue look smaller which can help the company to avoiding tax. Sanjeev Bhojraj and Partha Sengupta (2001) they conducted research about the effect of corporate governance to the bond ratings and yield. They found out that corporate governance mechanisms will reduce conflicts of interest between the directors and the providers by monitoring to their actions. And they were also found out that company which have a greater institutional ownership and got influence by the external control of the board will have a lower bond yields and high ratings for the new bond issues. From the research they are suggested that company that are facing stronger external monitoring from the governance mechanisms are rewarded with low yields and high bond ratings. Monitoring the situation of the company should be maintain so it will stabilize the firm value of the company. Sridhar Arcot and Valentina G. Bruno (2009) studied about the different type of corporate governance will effects the firm performance. Their studied the effects of law in a country to the corporate governance mechanism. Since law and regulation is different from one country to the others, according Sridar and Valentina company must adjust to that law especially for the multinational firms. Disclosing corporate governance report is one of the important factor because they found out some of the governance report was uninformative which mean it was not clear. The impact of the weak corporate governace was it shows the the inefficient use of the firms resources which can lead to the poor operating income. Benny Simon Tabalujan (2002) studied factors that made the corporate governance in Indonesia failed. Since the financial crisis in Indonesia which is around 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s there are a lot of trouble that effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. The most influence factors that he found out were the legal culture and the law. According to his research Indonesia had so much law that must be follow , the law will make some difficulties for the company to perform. He was suggested that Indonesia need to less down those law and regulation for the company so company can perform well in the future. Siti Nuryanah (2009) said there are still a problem in Indonesia corporate governance specially in audit committee. The problems in audit committee in Indonesia is that they holding a double positions in other companies, which it make the audit committee is not efficient in doing the works. And also , there are some company that does not have an audit committee. By not having an audit committee will become a problem for the board of committe in taking a decision. The research found out that 30 % from the JSX (Jakarta Stock Exchange) public listed companies does not have independent commisioners. Although that kind of problem occure , from her results it was found out that most of the companies in Indonesia have complied with the regulation of corporate governance. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Data The data of this project was taken from annual report in Indonesia stock exchange, IICD (Indonesia Institute for Corporate Directorship) reports which is the latest report, and 100 questioners which is given to the working people in Indonesia. The questioner was translating into Indonesia Language. 3.2 Methodology In this project there are two-research question that can lead to the answer of this research project. Each of the research questions will be tested in different type of statistical analysis test. The two-research questions of this project are: First: Is it true that adopting good corporate governance will attract more investors? Second: Using some factors in corporate governance reports, does most company in Indonesia have report their corporate governance data transparently? By using these research questions, several questions in the questionnaire had been made to gather answers from the respondents which then it will be linked back to answer the research questions. Inside the questioner there are divided into two section. The first section of the questioner is basic question about the corporate governance and the employee posisition in a company which they are working. The second section of the questioner is the important answer for this project which is contain all information that will be used to analyze. As for the following questions in the questionnaires, respondents will be asked about questions which are mostly related to the research questions 3.2.1 Research Question 1 Is it true that adopting good corporate governance will increse the company performance ? Hypothesis: H1: good corporate governance will give a significant effect to the company performance H0: good corporate governance will not give a significant effect to the company perfirmance From the research that was conducted by Lawrence D. Brown and Marcus L. Caylor (2004) said that there were some advantages in adopting a good corporate governance. He was using a sample of 2,327 companies and based on 51 corporate governance provisions that are provided by Institutional Investor Services (ISS). And found out that company that are better governed are relatively got a better income or more profitable and most of the shareholders got more dividend from the company. Another people that argued about corporate governance mechanisms were Sanjev Bhojraj and Partha Sengupta they found out corporate governance mechanism can reduce a conflicts of interest between the directors. And also a company should monitoring inside the company so the goodness performance of the company can be maintain. From this type of question, from the statement above I would like to test whether companies that have a good corporate governance will have a lot of investors in it and also is it will attract more investors to the company. Using the survey question, it will guide to the answer of this question which are : How effective is the corporate governance report being used in your company? In your opinion, does good corporate governance will attract more investor? H0: à ? = 0 (There is no correlation between corporate governance and number of investors) H1: à ? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 (There is a correlation between corporate governance and number of investors) Sample correlation coefficient, commonly denoted  r, is calculated as following: Where X and Y are the sample means. T-test for correlation formula: 3.2.2 Research Question 2 Does most company in Indonesia have reported their corporate governance activity data transparently and disclosed it to the public on time ? Hypothesis: H1: All of the companies in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance activity transparently and on time H0: Not all of the companies in Indonesia have not disclose their corporate governance activity transparently and on time Werner R. Murhadi (2009) explored some information period 2005-2007 in Indonesia Stock Exchange specializes in manufacture companies to test the performance of the corporate governance in Indonesia. One of the result from his research was, he found out a lot of companies in Indonesia still not develop transparency in reporting data of the company. A lot of companies want to avoid tax by creating an incorrect data, which is making the revenue of the company looks smaller. Another researcher were Zheng Fan , Liyan Wang , Jidong Zhang (2008) they are argued that the company disclosure data and corporate governance of the company will not effects the earning quality of the company I would like to test whether most of the companies in Indonesia have disclosed their coporate governance data transparently. Because a good corporate governance will show a transparency data, all the performance of the companies which is bad or good must be inform to the public. One à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Way Anova (Parametric Test) From using this type of test , data that used to this test will be from question number 7, question number 8, question number 9 and question number 10 , the question from the survey have been desing will be in a way that respondents are asked to rate . This test is used to test the equality of 3 or more means by using the variances. H0:  µ1=  µ2=  µ3=  µ4 ( Most companies in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance activity transparently and on time) H1:  µ1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ4 ( Not all of the companies in Indonesia have not disclose their corporate governance activity transparently and on time) The formulas for the various sums of squares are as follows: SSE = SST à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" SSA X = sample value ith item in the jth sample n = total sample size Xj = sample value of jth sample nj = size of the jth sample We will get the respective variances if we divide the sum of squares of SSA and SSE which are as follows: F-test formula: P-value: Degrees of freedom = k-1 Degrees of freedom = n-k These two values will be used to find the critical values for the F statistic and helps us to know whether the p-value is less than or more than the significance level. Conclusion: A null hypothesis will be rejected when the significant value from the test is lower than 5 percent 3.2.3 Limitations In this project there are some limitations in it. This project only representing a small objectives of coporate governance practices in Indonesia. Moreover, the data collected from this study are limited which is only from the Indonesia Institute of Corporate directorship and 100 questioners that had been given the working people in Indonesia. Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis 4.1 Data Statistic of Questioner Section 1 4.1.1 Statistics Questioner that was Given To the Respondent N Valid 100 Missing Total Respond 7 93 From the table 4.1.1, It shows that there are 100 valid questioner that have been produced but the respond that can be used only 93 because the other 7 questioner are missing or cannot be use. 4.1.2 Number of respondent that know corporate governance Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 71 76.3 76.3 76.3 No 22 23.7 23.7 100.0 Total 93 100.0 100.0 4.1.3 Respondent Knowledge Of Corporate Governance Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very Bad 5 7.0 7.0 7.0 Bad 17 23.9 23.9 31.0 Neutral 19 26.8 26.8 57.7 Good 19 26.8 26.8 84.5 Very Good 11 15.5 15.5 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.1.4 Respondent Status In Company Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Director 19 26.8 26.8 26.8 Manager 11 15.5 15.5 42.3 Supervisor 13 18.3 18.3 60.6 Non-Supervisor 28 39.4 39.4 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.1.5 Relationship Of Directors and Shareholders in Respondent Company Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very Bad 7 9.9 9.9 9.9 Bad 18 25.4 25.4 35.2 Neutral 13 18.3 18.3 53.5 Good 26 36.6 36.6 90.1 Very Good 7 9.9 9.9 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.2 Data Statistic of Questioner Section 2 Using pearson 4.2.1 Correlations between corporate governance and Shareholders Performance CG effectiveness Shareholders Performance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 .219 Sig. (2-tailed) .066 N 71 71 ShareholdersPerformance Pearson Correlation .219 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .066 N 71 71 4.2.2 Correlations between Corporate governance and Commisioners Performance CG effectiveness Commisioners Performance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 -.019 Sig. (2-tailed) .875 N 71 71 CommisionersPerformance Pearson Correlation -.019 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .875 N 71 71 4.2.3 Correlations between Corporate governance and Directors Performance CGeffectiveness DirectorsPerformance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 .396** Sig. (2-tailed) .001 N 71 71 DirectorsPerformance Pearson Correlation .396** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .001 N 71 71 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). IICD ( Indonesia Institute of Corporate Directorship) have made a report about the corporate governance status in Indonesia. Since the corporate governance report 2009 have not been come out yet, I am using the data from the year 2008 which is issued in 2009 by the IICD institute. Corporate Governance Performance by SOEs, Bank, and Overall Category Mean Score of Corporate Governance Performance (%) 2008 Study Previous Study SOEs 76.80 74.63 Banking 75.55 71.11 Overall 61.26 67.29 The table above shows the performance of corporate governance in Indonesia Listed company. The data show in two different categories which are State Owned Enterprises sector and Banking sector. There were difference in Corporate governance performance between the SOEs variable and Banking variable. The SOEs performance was 75.20 %, while Banking was only 56.50 %. However, there are some improvement of corporate covernance practices in both of the group. There were around four percent of increasement for those top quartile and bottom quartile respectively. It is still challenging tasks facing Indonesian corporations, regulatory bodies, and other governance-related institutions how to enhance the commitment of these bottom quartile companies to good corporate governance practices as well as those companies with corporate governace performance between the top and the bottom quartile. This does not mean that attention to those top quartile firms is not necessary. In the meantime, empiric al evidence shows that corporate governance is significantly correlated to companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic performance, although the correlation is weak. OECD Principles Mean Score (%) 2008 Study Previous Study Rights of Shareholders 50.37 51.23 Equitable Treatment of Shareholders 86.35 83.02 Role of Stakeholders 63.64 58.76 Disclosure and Transparency 70.81 66.64 Responsibilities of the Board 59.02 52.36 Overall Mean Score 64.96 61.26 Using the instrument from OECD ( Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development) the IICD institute has conducted a survey which was given to the 314 public listed company in Indonesia. Inside the survey they are consisting 5 principles of OECD which are : Rights of Shareholders , Equitable Treatment of Shareholders , Role of Stakeholders , Disclosure and Transparency , and Responsibilities of the board. From the survey the IICD institute analyze the status of corporate governance in Indonesia in the year 2008. The results of research shows there are deflation in rights of shareholders in the year 2008 which is 50.37 % and from the previous study it shows that 51.23 %. But others factors for corporate governance in Indonesia had been increase in 2008, such as equitable treatment of shareholders in the year 2008 was 86.35% which is shows an advancement comparing to the previous study only 83.02 %. The role of stakeholders percentage also rise up in the year 2008 which is 63.64 % comparing to the previous study which in only 58.76%. Other factors that have been changing which is disclosure and transparency of the company, in the year 2008 it reach 70.81 % and the previous study only reach 52.36 %. The last factors that upsurged was responsibilities of the board, in the year 2008 in achieve 59.02 % and the previous study only 52.36 %. The overall mean score of the year 2008 was 64.96 % and the previous study was 61.26 %. The data shows that by using the OECD principles , the situation of corporate governance in Indonesia is getting better. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendatio